Minor Quantum Engineering

New quantum technologies are at the hearth of ambitious research program, with important funding from governments and private actors. In view of future commercial realizations, a very practical question arises: how do we implement operational quantum devices? After a brief overview of quantum technologies and their applications, this course aims at answering this question. It will present the technical difficulties related to the realization of some key quantum systems as well as current proposed solutions, either already existing or under development.  
The implementation of quantum devices requires a broad spectrum of skills at the interface between physics and engineering (electronics, materials science, superconductors, signal processing...). The course will emphasize in particular the cross-disciplinary skills that are in great demand in the quantum industry, but which can also be applied to a wide variety of non-quantum problems and thus have a very wide range of applications.  
During this course, in parallel to the lectures, concrete cases will be studied by the students (articles, online demonstrators, etc.) and a visit to a laboratory may be scheduled.  
No previous knowledge of quantum physics will be requested. The fundamentals of quantum technologies will be presented in an accessible way to science students through a mix of lectures and tutorials.
The course will focus in particular on their practical interest in very different disciplines (chemistry, computer science, biology, electronics, physics ...).  
It should be noted that a second course entitled “Quantum Technologies” is also available during the next semester and focusing on the fundamental concepts of quantum physics and quantum technologies.  

Contents:

Chapter 1: Enabling technologies

• Single photon sources and detectors
• Superconducting Qbit
• Integrated circuits

Chapter 2: Nanotechnologies for quantum devices

• Cleanroom
• Semiconductor processing

Chapter 3: State of the art of quantum circuits

• Advanced Photonic circuits
• Circuits based on supercondcuting Qbits

Chapter 4: Two-Photon Interference

• Classical Interferometry
• Correlation Functions
• The Hong–Ou–Mandel Dip
• The Franson Interferometer
• Double-Crystal Experiments and Induced Coherence

Chapter 5: Quantum Metrology

• Quantum Optical Coherence Tomography
• Mimicking Quantum OCT with Classical Light
• Quantum Lithography and NOON States
• Phase Measurements and Fundamental Measurement Limits
• Additional Applications in Metrology

Chapter 6: Basic physics of cold atoms

• Cold atoms: what and what for?
  • Basics of light-atom interaction
  • Radiation pressure, Zeeman slower
  • Doppler cooling, magneto-optical trap
  • Subdoppler cooling, density limitation, imaging
  • Cold-atom experiments in practice
• Conservative traps and cooling to quantum degeneracy
  • Ion traps
  • Conservative traps for neutral atoms
  • Evaporative cooling
  • Bose-Einstein condensation
  • Modern topics with quantum gases  

Chapter 7: Application of cold atoms and ions

• Quantum metrology: atomic clocks, inertial sensors, other sensors
• Quantum communication: quantum memories
• Quantum simulation: with Rydberg atoms, with ions
• Quantum computation: with Rydberg atoms, with ions
• Tour of the cold-atom labs at INPHYNI  

Chapter 8: Evaluation - Students’ presentation on a given case study

• Les technologies de communication quantique
• Tout est quantique

• Presence and oral participation: 30/11/2023, 9h00 (room on Campus Valrose to be defined) - 20 % of the final grade
• Written exam: 7/12/2023, 9h00 (room on Campus Valrose to be defined) - 80 % of the final grade